Things to note -

1. words in bold type
2. Summary and New Terms at the end of each chapter
3. Review questions at the end of each chapter
4. Problems at the end of each chapter (good review!!)

Chapter 14 - The Sun: A Garden Variety Star

1. know basic data on Sun, structure and layers in atmosphere, Solar Activity cycles,…
2. know terminology and be able to explain features such as plages, prominences, granulation, flares, active regions, coronal mass ejection, Zeeman effect, etc
3. read section 14.4.1-4 on variations in number of sunspots, climate, etc and mechanisms for these variations

1. sections on physical conservation laws that describe conditions in the Sun's interior, Proton-Proton chain reaction (cycle), production of neutrinos
2. section 15.3
3. types of energy transport mechanisms
4. solar neutrino problem

1. magnitude scale for stars
2. relationship between color and temperature and spectral type (16.3.2-3)
3. Measurement of Distances to Stars - parallax, determination from apparent and absolute magnitudes - see 'Figuring for Yourself: Magnitudes' p.361
4. Color Index
5. Who is James Lick and Annie Jump Cannon?

1. Luminosity = Rate of Energy radiation by a star of radius r and temperature T = (4pr²)(sT⁴)
2. Learn how to determine radius of a star
3. Luminosity Classes - know (it's hidden in sec 18.4.1)
4. Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (especiall the exercise on H-R diagram)  - who is it named for??
5. Binary Stars - how to estimate masses of stars, etc… Visual, Spectroscopic, Eclipsing Binary stars - how to measure period and amplitude of light curve?
6. Mass-Luminosity relationship, Frequency of Stellar Types

1. parallax
2. distance units - conversion from parsecs to light years?
3. look at assignment on bright stars and nearby stars
4. variable stars - classification of types
5. period luminosity relation
6. Who is Henrietta Swan Leavitt?
7. What are RR Lyrae Stars??   (and other types of variable stars)
8. Main sequence stars  - useful to remember:  life expectancy in units of the Sun's lifetime (10 billion yrs)  note: T = M^-2.5

1. classification of regions (H II, H I, etc...)
2. ultra hot gas - where from
3. molecular clouds - what molecules?
4. who are EE Barnard, H Ewen, E Purcell, etc...
5. 21 cm emission line + others
6. detection of dust (and redening)
7. infrared cirrus, scattering, interstellar extinction, interstellar grains, ... etc - how are these detcted/measured/...

1. giant molecular clouds
2. Orion ??
3. how are stars formed?
4. Herbig-Haro objects - describe + cause...
5. main sequence
6. relationship to luminosity classes??
7. How are planets formed?
8. How are planets different from stars in their formation?
9. timescales!!!
10. methods of discovery of extra-solar planets - which ones have actually WORKED??
11. what are limits of detection - what is habitable?

1. main sequence life expectancy in units of the Sun's lifetime (10 billion yrs)  note: T = M^-2.5
2. star clusters - why important?  what kinds?  differences??
3. HR diagram for clusters
4. further evolution (beyond the main sequence) - can you chart the Sun's expected evolution?
5. Giant Stars - what limits? What end effects?  Mass Loss??
6. Low- and Medium-Mass Stars - why/when are planetary nebulae formed? What causes differences?

1. Who is Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar?
2. white dwarf stars
3. nucleosynthesis (synthesizing heavy elements in a star)
4. collapse and explosion
5. Theory of neutron star - pulsar - mass range?
6. Supernova 1987A - what was found?
7. Model of pulsar, evolution
8. evolution of binary star system
9. look at figuring for Yourself

1. Black holes - Schwarzschild radius - time dilation, gravity, acceleration, spacetime, deflection of starlight, Mercury's perhelion,gravitational red shift,...
2. what is a black hole?
3. collapse, myth, TRIP into a black hole??,
4. gravitational waves
5. proof??